|
Bosnian mujahideen ((ボスニア語:Bosanski mudžahedini)), also called ''El Mudžahid'', were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the side of Bosniaks during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. They arrived in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of fighting for Islam and on behalf of Muslims.〔ICTY: Summary of the judgement for Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura - ()〕 Some originally went as humanitarian workers,〔( Humanitarian worker turned Mujahideen )〕 while some of them were considered criminals in their home countries for illegally travelling to Bosnia and becoming soldiers. The number of volunteers throughout the war is still disputed,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC News - Europe - Analysis: Bosnian stability at stake )〕 from around 300〔SENSE Tribunal:ICTY - We fought with the BH army, but not under its command ()〕 to 4,000.〔 Precise numbers are still a matter of dispute. According to Radio Free Europe research there are no precise statistics on the number of foreign volunteers. Examples of mujahideen from Bosnia who gained "legendary status" are Abdelkader Mokhtari, Fateh Kamel, and Karim Said Atmani, all of North African origin.〔Dejan Lukic, ''Hostage Spaces of the Contemporary Islamicate World'', 2012, Continuum Publishing Corporation, p.55〕 == Bosnian War == (詳細はFranjo Tuđman and Slobodan Milošević reportedly about the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Serbia and Croatia were held as early as March 1991 at the Karađorđevo meeting. Following the declaration of independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbs attacked different parts of the country. The state administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina effectively ceased to function, having lost control over the entire territory. The Serbs wanted all lands where Serbs had a majority, mainly eastern and western Bosnia. The Croats and their leader Tuđman also aimed at securing parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina as Croatian. The Bosnian government forces were poorly equipped and unprepared for the war. On September 25, 1991 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 713 imposing an arms embargo on all of former Yugoslavia. The embargo hurt the Bosnian Army the most because Serbia inherited much of the former Yugoslav People's Army arsenal and the Croatian army could smuggle weapons easily through its ports. At the outset of the Bosnian War the Serb forces attacked the Bosnian Muslim civilian population in Eastern Bosnia. Once towns and villages were securely in their hands, the Serb forces - military, police, the paramilitaries and, sometimes, even Serb villagers – applied the same pattern: Bosniak houses and apartments were systematically ransacked or burnt down, Bosniak civilians were rounded up or captured, and sometimes beaten or killed in the process. Men and women were separated, with many of the men detained in the camps, where many were tortured and killed. The women were kept in various detention centres where they were mistreated in many ways including being raped repeatedly. Meanwhile, Croat forces started their first attacks on Bosniaks in Gornji Vakuf and Novi Travnik, towns in Central Bosnia on June 20, 1992, but the attacks failed. The Graz agreement caused deep division inside the Croat community and strengthened the separation group, which led to the Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing campaign against Bosniak civilians. The campaign planned by the self-proclaimed Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia's political and military leadership from May 1992 to March 1993 which was launched the following April, was meant to implement objectives set forth by Croat nationalists in November 1991. The Lašva Valley's Bosniaks were subjected to persecution on political, racial and religious grounds, deliberately discriminated against in the context of a widespread attack on the region's civilian population and suffered mass murder, rape, internment in camps, as well as the destruction of cultural sites and private property. This was often followed by anti-Bosniak propaganda, particularly in the municipalities of Vitez, Busovača, Novi Travnik and Kiseljak. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bosnian mujahideen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|